‘’Evaluate the Claim That Person-Centered Therapy Offers...

Adriaana Nye Module 1 – Essay 2396 words Course code: ‘’Evaluate the claim that Person-centered therapy offers the therapist all that he/she will need to treat clients’’ This essay is intended to explore the statement that Person-centered therapy offers therapists all they need to treat clients. In order to do this I intend to further explore the opinions of other individuals practicing and researching counseling therapies. My first thoughts are that if the Person centered approach was sufficient, there might not have been such a great variety of other approaches such as Cognitive therapy, Existential therapy, Rational Emotive Behavioral therapy, Psychotherapy etc. Hence, we are embarking a course on Psychotherapy. A†¦show more content†¦If, while seeking water, you enter a cave with no oxygen, you will first satisfy the need for air before water or food. If, while trying to leave the cave to get air a rock fall puts you in danger of getting killed, you will seek to satisfy your need for safety before air, water and food and so forth. This explains that’s there is a clear hierarchy as to which need is ‘pre-eminent in consciousness. Carl Rogers believed the core of mans nature is essentially positive. Some may argue that it depends on the individuals own perception of ‘good’ ie suicide bombers vs missionary work. He maintained that the human organism has an underlying actualizing tendency, which aims to develop all capacities in ways that maintain or enhance the organism and move it toward autonomy; Maslow’s self actualization, as aforementioned is basically this. This tendency is directional, constructive and present in all living things. The actualizing tendency can be suppressed but can never be destroyed without the destruction of the organism (Rogers, 1977). The concept of the actualizing tendency is the only motive force in the theory, and is partly steered by the need for unconditional positive regards from others and from self. Although this may be true, some people feel that it can be taken to far and damage growth in children, and also put lives in danger. *1 ‘’Critiques of Rogerss person-centered therapy begin with his basic conception of human nature as tending toward the good andShow MoreRelatedEvaluate the Claim That Person Centered Therapy Offers Tthe Therapist All That He/She Need to Treat Clients2987 Words   |  12 PagesYear Two - Module one | Tutor | Jackie Smith | Essay Title / Work | â€Å"Evaluate the claim that Person-Centred Therapy offers the therapist all that he/she will need to treat clients† | Word Count | 2723 | INTRODUCTION My aim is to explore Carl Rogers theory that Person Centred Therapy was a complete system for therapists to offer help in a counselling way to clients presenting with a full variety of issues. I will do this by establishing my understandingRead MoreEvaluate the Claim That Person-Centred Therapy Offers the Therapist All That He/She Will Need to Treat Clients2502 Words   |  11 Pagesâ€Å"Evaluate the claim that Person-Centred Therapy offers the therapist all that he/she will need to treat clients† The humanistic movement was established as a way to expand and improve upon the two other schools of thought; behaviourism and psychoanalysis, which had, up until the first half of the 20th century dominated psychology. An American theorist called Abraham Maslow began to research creativity in humans through art and science. He first introduced his concept of a hierarchy of needs inRead MorePerson Centered Therapy2327 Words   |  10 PagesEvaluate the claim that Person-centered Therapy offers the therapist all that he/she will need to treat clients. Introduction Person-centered therapy is just one of over more than 300 different types of psychotherapy treatments available to clients, illustrated by Holmes and Lindley (1989) as ranging from Active Analytical Psychotherapy to Zaraleya Psychoenergetic Technique. Over the years, these varying schools of thought have not always seen eye to eye with emphasis being placed on differencesRead MoreModels of Counselling Within My Context2989 Words   |  12 Pagesways, and different forms of helping people. Helping others could make another person feel better either inside, or about them self. ‘Helping’ is one of those taken for granted words. It is a familiar part of our vocabulary. Traditionally, for example, social workers, youth workers and support workers, guidance counsellors and psychologist have been talked about as members of the helping professions. The question, do you need some help? Should be part of our daily business as informal and formal educatorsRead Moreexplore the be havioral and humanistic theory6235 Words   |  25 Pagesoperant conditioning and all behavior is learnt from the environment. One of the early pioneers of humanistic psychology was Abraham Maslow; he established the hierarchy levels of needs and believed that by achieving the needs in the correct order would allow individuals to become self-actualized. However, Carl Rogers a psychologist and father of Client–centered theory felt that in addition to Maslow’s hierarchical needs, in order for someone to achieve self-actualization they need to be in a positiveRead More‘Evaluate the Claim That Person-Centred Therapy Offers the Therapist All That He/She Will Need to Treat Clients.2461 Words   |  10 Pagestitle: ‘Evaluate the claim that Person-Centred Therapy offers the therapist all that he/she will need to treat clients.’ The Person Centred approach is based upon the theory and philosophy of Carl Rogers. This approach in its set-up is familiar to the general public as it is depicted in the media and is often expected therefore that a counselling session would take place in this format. At first glance the counselling process which has derived from the theory of Rogers, in a real therapy situationRead MoreHsm 542 Week 12 Discussion Essay45410 Words   |  182 Pagesand what processes could you implement to reduce the risk of this tort occurring in your own facility? | This section lists options that can be used to view responses. Expand All Collapse All   Ã‚   | Print View   Ã‚   | Show Options  Ã‚   | Hide Options  Ã‚   | Select:   Ã‚   | Mark selected as:   Ã‚   |   View Selected   View All | | Responses Responses are listed below in the following order: response, author and the date and time the response is posted. | | | Response | Author | Date/Time* | Read MoreNursing Essay41677 Words   |  167 PagesHealth http://www.nap.edu/catalog/12956.html Committee on the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Initiative on the Future of Nursing, at the Institute of Medicine PREPUBLICATION COPY: UNCORRECTED PROOFS Copyright  © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. The Future of Nursing: Leading Change, Advancing Health http://www.nap.edu/catalog/12956.html THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS 500 Fifth Street, N.W. Washington, DC 20001 NOTICE: The project that is the subject of this reportRead MoreCase Study for Management Accounting36912 Words   |  148 Pages Mark A. McFatridge, and Susan B. Hughes, discusses dealing with the financial condition of a not-for-profit organization. University Bottom Line, by Enrico Uliana, discusses management control issues in a university. I thank these authors and all of the other authors who submitted cases to the conference. I also thank members of the editorial board for their help in reviewing cases: Tom Albright, Wayne Bremser, Paul Juras, Ken Merchant, Gary Sundem and, especially, Larry Carr and Jim MackeyRead MoreCase Study for Management Accounting36918 Words   |  148 PagesSmith, Mark A. McFatridge, and Susan B. Hughes, discusses dealing with the financial condition of a not-for-profit organization. University Bottom Line, by Enrico Uliana, discusses management control issues in a university. I thank these authors and all of the other authors who submitted cases to the conference. I also thank members of the editorial board for their help in reviewing cases: Tom Albright, Wayne Bremser, Paul Juras, Ken Merchant, Gary Sundem and, especially, Larry Carr and Jim Mackey

The Youth Oriented Hip Hop Movement - 1498 Words

According to Erikson (1968, referenced by Jacobson, 2009), â€Å"†¦in the social jungle of human existence there is no feeling of being alive without a sense of identity.† It is well understood that, like all individuals, youths especially have a need to belong to a social group. Many youth participate in subculture resistance, apparent through demonstrating language, expression, and fashion that are often opposing parental and authority figures, and the dominant culture. People who have similar characteristics or similar experiences are, according to Jacobson (2009, p. 11), more likely to â€Å"†¦unite in opposition to the dominant culture†. A music genre that distinctly demonstrates such is the hip-hop movement. The youth-oriented hip-hop movement finds its significance in the lives of African-American youths in urban working class settings and their resistance to authority, as well as allowing them to voice their identity and address common issues concernin g race, gang activity, drugs, violence, and sex. While hip-hop has been suggested to have negative impacts on youths in contemporary society, it is known by most to simply be a reflection of the reality. Hip-hop, as an artistic outlet, challenges the dominant culture whereby teens living in urban areas are frequently subjected to violence and harmful activity, and therefore speaks against the structural oppression within society. Emerging out of the South Bronx in the 1970s, hip-hop culture and rap music became a musical instrumentShow MoreRelatedEssay about Hip-Hop1452 Words   |  6 PagesHip-Hop When you hear the phase Hip-Hop what do you think of? Music, Dancing, Rapping? Well, its all of that and more hip-hop is a culture. According to Websters dictionary, culture is defined as the concepts, habits, skills, arts, instruments, institutions, etc. of a given people in a given period; civilization. One artist defined hip-hop as a set of expressions in vocalization, instrumentation, dancing and the visual arts. More specifically, hip hop is a combination of graffiti, breakdancingRead MoreHip Hop Is Not Going Anywhere1545 Words   |  7 PagesSince Old School’s Hip Hop conception, the genre has gone way beyond what the genre’s originators could have imagined. Each period since the founding of Hip Hop has added to the evolution of the culture and have altered it into something that is more than just a hobby, but a mindset and a part of life that cannot be separated from many different cultures globally. In 1977, popular Hip Hop MCs and Djs lived in poverty in New York and in 2016 artist like Sean Combs, Dr. Dre, and Jay-Z are worth $2Read MoreHip Hop Dance : Dance1287 Words   |  6 Pages Hip-hop dance refers to street dance styles primarily performed to Hip-hop music or that have evolved as part of hip-hop culture. Hip-hop dance was created in the 1970’s, this type of dance includes a variety of different styles such as: uprock, break dance also known as â€Å"breaking†, and funky styles. There are just so many different components to hip-hop dance. Hip-hop dance constantly builds up from it’s roots. Each dance builds off of one another in a unique way. Hip-hop dance is very interestingRead MoreHip Hop : A Cultural Movement1851 Words   |  8 Pages Hip-Hop is a cultural movement that emerged from the ramshackle South Bronx, New York in the early 1970’s. The area’s predominantly African American and Puerto Rican populations originated this musical genre and culture that over the past four decades ha s developed into a global perception impacting the youth culture around the world. â€Å"The South Bronx was a full of political, social, and economic rising in the years leading up to the beginning of Hip-Hop.† The early part of the 1970’s found manyRead MoreBob Marley And The Wailers1654 Words   |  7 Pagesthat of the rise of hip hop in the South Bronx, during the 1970s in USA. In the book Black Noise, Tricia Rose explains the emergence of hip hop as a means for Black cultural expression. Hip hop describes life on margins of postindustrial urban America, and negotiates the experience of marginalization, brutally truncated opportunity, and oppression within cultural imperatives of African-American history. The context of deindustrialization that gave birth to American hip hop is comparable to thatRead MoreThe Impact Of Pop Culture On The Music Industry1720 Words   |  7 Pagesdisplayed perfect, well put together families. 80’s music once filled with e lectric synthesizers and singers professing their love for their partners evolved into Hip Hop and Grunge music that discussed the grittiness of real life and the human struggle most people actually faced. As the decade passed pop culture continued to influence the youth culture with the help of artists such as Robert Wyland and Banksy who brought in a new enlightenment for the preservation of nature and social commentary of warRead MoreHip Hop And Rap Music1584 Words   |  7 PagesHip hop music is one of the most popular genres in present time that rose to prominence in the 1980’s. The hip hop genre was born in the African American community and has since then changed into what it is today. What most individuals don’t know is that originally rap music did not contain such explicit themes as it does now; such as misogyny, drugs, crime, and violence among others. Many people may wonder what led to the introduction of such themes into rap music and why they remained p opular.Read MoreEssay on Hip-hop, Reggae, and Politics5105 Words   |  21 PagesHip-hop, Reggae, and Politics Introduction Music is an art form and source of power. Many forms of music reflect culture and society, as well as, containing political content and social message. Music as social change has been highlighted throughout the 20th century. In the 1960s the United States saw political and socially oriented folk music discussing the Vietnam War and other social issues. In Jamaica during the 1970s and 1980s reggae developed out of the Ghetto’s of Trench town andRead MoreCreative Dance7322 Words   |  30 Pagestraining. Basically, creative dance involves the use of movement elements to express thoughts and feelings. Dimondstein (1974) expands on this deï ¬ nition when she considers dance to be â€Å"the interpretation of a child’s ideas, feelings, and sensory impressions expressed symbolically in movement forms through the unique use of his body† .Creative dance teachers may suggest particular ideas or feelings they want their students to express through movement. Alternativ ely, they may provide a stimulus— for exampleRead MoreEssay about Malcolm X2055 Words   |  9 Pagesto Boston, Massachussetts, to live with his half-sister Ella, and discovered the underground world of African American hipsters. Malcolms entry into the masculine culture of the zoot suit, the conked (straightened) hair, and the lindy hop coincided with the outbreak of World War II, rising black militancy (symbolized in part by A. Philip Randolphs threatened March on Washington for racial and economic justice), and outbreaks of race riots in Detroit, Michigan, and other cities

Disease Prevention and Management Non Communicable Disease

Question: Describe about the Disease Prevention and Management for Non Communicable Disease. Answer: Demographic characteristics of the specific school and surrounding community: Campbelltown Public School is selected as the school for this NCD (non-communicable disease) prevention strategy. This school is located in the City of Campbelltown (New South Wales). According to 2011 Census, approximately 150000 people are living in this city. Female population (51 %) is more as compared to the male population (49 %). Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people comprised of approximately 3.5 % of the total population. This population is the approximately 30 % higher as compared to the Australian population of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people. Median age of the people living in the City of Campbelltown was 33 yrs which was around 4 yrs less as compared to the median age of the Austalian population. In City of Campbelltown, children in the age of 0-14 comprised of 22 % of total population and people above the age of 65 yrs comprised of approximately 10 % population. Around 50 % people above the age of 15 years are married. Weekly income of the people res iding in the City of Campbelltown is approximately similar to the other population of the Australia. Some of the prominent Ancestry staying in the City of Campbelltown is Australian (25 %), English (22 %), Irish (6 %), Scottish (5 %) and Indian (3 %). Some of the prominent languages used in the City of Campbelltown are Arabic, Samoan, Hindi, Bengali and Spanish. Some of the prominent religious affiliation in the City of Campbelltown are Catholic, Anglican, Islam and Hinduism. It has been observed that most of the hospitalizations in City of Campbelltown are due to obesity, coronary heart disease, asthma and COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) and diabetes. Infectious diseases observed in the City of Campbelltown were hepatitis B C, chlamydia, gonorrhoea and infectious syphilis. Most of the common causes of death in City of Campbelltown were cardiovascular disease, cancer, respiratory disease, endocrine disease, digestive system disease and mental disorders (Swanson, 2016; Campbelltown City Counsel, 2016). Campbelltown Public School is having students of mixed population. In this school, children between the age of 5 to 15 are studying. 45 % children studying in this school are from high socioeconomic class and 55 % children studying in this school are from low socioeconomic class. 60 % students in this school are boys and 40 % are girls. 50 % of the children in this school are basically from the urban area and 50 % are from the rural area. Childrens of different origin like Australian (30 %), English (20 %), Irish (5 %), Scottish (5 %) and Indian (5 %) are studying in this school. Most common disease observed in the children of this school were obesity (15 %), Asthma (7 %) and cold and flu (5 %) (Senz et al., 2015). Etiology and epidemiology of overweight and obesity in the target group: Conditions like overweight and obesity occurs because imbalance in the energy consumption in the form of diet and energy expenditure in the form of physical activities, exercise and bodily functions. There is increased energy consumption in the form of food in the people of City of Campbelltown. This energy consumption is specifically in the form of carbohydrates such as sweetened beverages and potato chips. It has been observed that sweetened drinks such as soft drinks, iced tea, and energy and vitamin water drinks are the main contributing factors for the increased cases of obese and overweight people. In the people of City of Campbelltown, consumption of fast food is increased by three times and energy consumption increased by four times. People with obesity generally underreport consumption of food as compared to the normal people. School going children between the age of 6-12 are more prone to obesity because there is more consumption of fast food and sweetened drink. This consu mption is more in school going children because there is less control on these children. These children used to consume this high energy food both at school cafeteria and at the home. Moreover, these children have less understanding of the negative effect of this type of food. Sedentary lifestyle is also one of the main contributing factors for the rising rate of obese and overweight conditions in the people of City of Campbelltown. Specifically in he children, there is approximately 25 % reduction in the physical activity or exercise due to decreased outdoor sports and increased indoor games with less physical activity. Decreased physical activity in the children is also observed due to the increased use mechanized transportation system. Television viewing for the long duration of time is also one of the contributing factor for the obese and overweight condition in the children (Freemark, 2010; Moreno et al., 2011). In few cases genetic and environmental factors are also responsible for the occurrence of the obese and overweight condition in this population of City of Campbelltown. There is interplay between the genetic and environmental factors for the occurrence of obesity and overweight condition. Polymorphism in the gene which control appetite and metabolism are responsible for the occurrence of obese and overweight condition in this population. It has been established that around 40 genes of the human genome are related to the obese and overweight condition. FTO (food mass and obesity associated gene) is responsible for the occurrence of obese and overweight condition. People with two copies of FTO gene has 3-4kg more body weight and at around 1.7 fold more risk for obesity as compared to the people without risk allele. Other contributing factors responsible for the occurrence of obese and overweight condition in the children are insufficient sleep, smoking, increased use of medications and environmental factors such as pollution (Andersen, 2003). A survey was conducted on health status of the people of City of Campbelltown by NSW Adult Population Health Survey (SaPHaRI), Centre for Epidemiology and Evidence, NSW Ministry of Health. From this survey, it is evident that approximately 35 % people are overweight and approximately 27 % people are obese in the City of Campbelltown. In Campbelltown Public School, approximately 15 % students are obese and 5 % students are overweight. Among these students, approximately 60 % consume junk food, 30 % are with less physical activity and 10 % are having familial history of obesity. Among these obese students approximately 20 % students and their parents are trying to control their obesity. Remaining 80 % students and parents are not at all taking care of their obesity. Justification of stakeholder group selection: In this study stakeholder group selected were students in the age group of 13 15 yrs. This stakeholder group holds all the responsibilities for the implementation this intervention. 20 students were selected for this group and it comprises of 14 boys and 6 girls. These students were selected based on their academic performance in the last four years, communication skills, documentation efficiency and computer efficiency. Effective communication skills are very important aspect in this intervention because these students should convince children in the target group and their parents about the programme to control obesity in the children. Documentaion efficiency is also one of the important aspects in the selection of stakeholders because these stakeholders should document effectively all the information acquired about the children and observation made after the implementation of the prevention strategy for obesity. These senior students were selected because these students can effect ively influence the less age group children as compared to the teachers, family members and other community members. Generally, children spent most of the time with their peers and they follow their senior peers. In this case also, senior students were selected to implement obesity prevention strategy in school going children (Lobstein Swinburn, 2007). Description of the intervention: This intervention is for the control of obesity in the children of age group of 6 12 yrs. This target group comprises of 200 children with 125 boys and 75 girls. This intervention started with collection on data about body weight and BMI (body mass index) of all children in the school. After collections of BMI data, 200 children were selected and these children were divided into two groups comprising of obese (80) and overweight (120) children. Different intervention strategies were planned for obese and overweight children. After the selection of the children for this intervention, data was collected for the food consumption habit, sedentary lifestyle, habit of smoking and family history of obesity. This data was compared with BMI data and correlation was established between these etiological factors and obese and overweight condition in the children. Children were grouped in different groups based on the responsible factor for obese and overweight condition in the children and int erventions were planned according to the etiological factors. Different intervention strategies were planned for these children like peer based approach, school based strategy, family oriented strategy, canteen oriented strategy, community based strategy, classroom based strategy and school environment strategy (Patton, et al., 2005). Peer based approach comprises of influencing junior students by senior students on the food habit and exercise. School based strategy comprises of incorporation of the obesity prevention topic in the curriculum, monitoring canteen facility for junk food, promoting exercise and physical activity and rewarding for the children on the successful control of the obesity (Van Beurden et al., 2003). Family oriented strategy comprises of provision of healthy nutrition, restriction of food prone to the obesity, monitoring of food consumption in the canteen, promoting children for the outdoor activities, restricting TV viewing for the long duration and providing information on the control of obesity. Canteen oriented strate gy comprises of restriction on the supply of high energy food, training for the canteen staff for the preparation of food with low calorie and networking among canteen staff, teachers and family members for the provision of food with low energy. Community based strategy comprises of conducting informative programmes for the obesity control and provision of playground for the children (Timperio et al., 2004; Campbell et al., 2001). Classroom based strategy comprises of incorporation of lectures on the healthy food and obesity control and provision of breaks for eating fruits. School environment strategy comprises of establishment of gardens with vegetable and fruits, provision of purified water, restriction on the local vendor with unhealthy food, incorporation of additional fund for control of obesity, provision of playgrounds for the children and fixing exact timings for meals (Wallin, 2003; Muijs and Reynolds, 2005). Students in the stakeholder group visited each of these above mentioned places and asked to implement these strategies for the selected students in the target group. Implementation of these strategies in school, family and classroom were easy for stakeholder group however it was slight inconvenient for these stakeholders to implement in community based approach. These stakeholders maintained data for each of the children in the target group for 6 months. Data was collected about amount of consumption of food, type of food, number of playing hours, number of hours of watching TV, number of informative lectures conducted for the on healthy food and obesity control. Each stakeholder was handling 10 children in the target group. Students in the stakeholder group collected data at different places like classroom, school and home. This data was collected for each child in the target group on the weekly basis. Body weight was measured every month. Body weight and BMI data for each month was stored in the excel sheet in computer for six months (Moon et al., 1999; Greenburg, et al., 2005). Outline of the communication strategy: Students in the stakeholder group conducted lecturers, presentations and training programmes at school, canteen and social places. Information about these strategies was provided to family members through personal communication. There were different presentations prepared for the different kind of people like teachers, parents, community members and staff of the canteen. Special attention was given to the canteen staff and students in the stakeholders group discussed personally with these staff members. Members of the canteen staff were given training for cooking food with low calorie. Students of the stakeholder group arranged training sessions by experts in the field, for these canteen members. For teachers and parents, lectures and presentations were arranged on weekly basis for 6 months. These lectures and presentations were conducted together for parents and teachers. For each week different topics related to childhood obesity were selected and case studies were incorporated in these presentations to convince parents and teachers about the prevention and cure of obesity. As most of the parents were not educated and didnt understand medical terminology, presentations were prepared for them in a very understandable manner. Students of the stakeholder group visited to the home of selected students in the target group and discussed about this intervention with their parents. At social places, meetings were conducted with the community people to guide them about the information. Education to the students in the target group were provided through informative posters in the school corridor, exhibiting short documentaries related to the prevention of obesity and personal discussion with them (Corcoran, 2013). Outline of the evaluation framework: This intervention was evaluated in terms of three parameters like process evaluation, impact evaluation and outcome evaluation (Sahota et al., 2001). This intervention was very effectively implemented on the target children, parents and teachers. However, implementation of this intervention was difficult on canteen staff and community members. For canteen staff, it was difficult to make them understand about this process. Community members were not interested to implement these interventions. Process implementation was evaluated by asking questions to the target children. Children in the target group were asked to rate, the maximum benefit they got from each intervention strategy. It was observed that, these children got maximum benefit from the parents and followed by teachers. Children in the target group got minimal benefit from the canteen staff members and community members. As parents and teachers implemented this intervention effectively, there was more impact of this interven tion on parents and teachers. It was observed, there was increased knowledge about the healthy food and management strategies for obesity in parents and children. Parents and teachers felt satisfactory about the efforts they put in and outcome they got. Impact of this intervention was more on the children in the target group. Children in the target group exhibited interest to control their obesity and convinced to take food with low calorie. Children in the target group were ready to avoid junk food and sweetened beverages (Fertman and Allensworth, 2016). This intervention had very less impact on the canteen staff members and community members. There was very less augmentation of knowledge in canteen staff and community members. This impact was evaluated by asking questions to these members. Outcome of this intervention was evaluated by recording the type of food consumed, amount of food consumed, body weight and BMI of the children in the target group. It was evident form the analysis of these parameters that, children in the age group between 9 to 12 were more benefited. Children in the age group between 9 to 12 reduced consumption of junk food. There was decrease in the body weight and BMI with respect to consumption of type and quantity of food consumed. Children in the age group 6 to 8 were also benefited from this intervention. However, percentage of children got benefit in age groups 6 to 8 was less as compared to the children of 9 to 12 age group (Rootman, 2001). References: Andersen, R. (2003). Obesity: Etiology, Assessment, Treatment, and Prevention. Human Kinetics. www.humankinetics.com/products/all-products/obesity. Campbelltown City Counsel. (2016). Demographics. Retracted form Downloade from https://www.campbelltown.sa.gov.au/profile on 06.12.2016. Campbell, C., Waters, E., OMeara, S. Summerbell, C. (2001). Interventions for preventing obesity in childhood. A systematic review. Obesity Reviews, 2, 149-147. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12120100. Corcoran, N. (2013). Communicating Health: Strategies for Health Promotion. SAGE Publications. uk.sagepub.com/en-gb/eur/communicating-health/book238746. Fertman, C. I., and Allensworth, D. D. (2016). Health Promotion Programs: From Theory to Practice. John Wiley Sons. https://as.wiley.com/WileyCDA/WileyTitle/productCd-0470241551.html. Freemark, M. (2010). Pediatric Obesity: Etiology, Pathogenesis, and Treatment. Springer Science Business Media. www.springer.com/la/book/9781603278737. Greenburg, M., Weissberg, R., Zins, J., Fredericks, L., Resnik, Hand Elias, M. (2003). Enhancing school based prevention and youth development through coordinated social, emotional and academic learning. American Psychologist, 58(6-7), 466-474. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12971193. Lobstein, T., Swinburn, B. (2007). Global Perspectives on Health Promotion Effectiveness. Springer Science Business Media. www.springer.com/la/book/9780387709734. Moon, A., Mullee, M., Rogers, L., Thompson, R., Speller, V. Roderick, P. (1999). Helping schools become health promoting: An evaluation of the Wessex Healthy Schools Award. Health Promotion International, 14, 111-122. ped.sagepub.com/content/9/1_suppl/29.refs. Moreno, L.A., Pigeot, I., Ahrens, W. (2011). Epidemiology of Obesity in Children and Adolescents: Prevalence and Etiology. Springer Science Business Media. www.springer.com/us/book/9781441960382. Muijs, D., Reynolds, D. (2005). Effective Teaching: Evidence and Practice. Paul Chapman Publishing. London. uk.sagepub.com/en-gb/eur/effective-teaching/book234100. Patton, G. Bond, L., Carlin, J., Thomas, L. Butler, H., Glover, S., Catalano, R. Bowes, G. (2006). Promoting social inclusion in schools: A group-randomized trial on student health risk behaviour and well-being. American Journal of Public Health, 96(9), 1582-1587. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16873760. Rootman, I. (2001). Evaluation in Health Promotion: Principles and Perspectives. WHO Regional Office Europe. https://www.euro.who.int/en/publications/abstracts/evaluation-in-health-promotion.-principles-and-perspectives. Saenz, R., Embrick, D.G., Rodrguez, N. P. (2015). The International Handbook of the Demography of Race and Ethnicity. Springer. www.springer.com/us/book/9789048188901. Sahota, P., Rudolf, M., Dixey, R., Hill, A., Barth, J. Cade, J. (2001). Randomised control trial of a primary school based intervention to reduce risk factors for obesity. British Medical Journal, 323, 1-5. www.bmj.com/content/323/7320/1029. Swanson, D. A. (2016). The Frontiers of Applied Demography. Springer. www.springer.com/gp/book/9783319433271. Timperio, A., Salmon, J., Ball, K. (2004). Evidence-based strategies to promote physical activity among children, adolescents and young adults: review and update. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 7(1), 20-29. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15214598. Van Beurden, E., Barnett, L., Zask, A. Dietrich, U., Brooks, Land Beard, J. (2003). Can we skill and activate children through primary school physical education lessons? a collaborative health promotion intervention. Preventive Medicine, 36, 493-501. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12649058. Wallin, J. (2003). Improving School Effectiveness. ABAC Journal, 23(1), 51-72. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/44825665.

Environmental Policy for Computers & Operations- myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theEnvironmental Policy for Computers Operations. Answer: The preconditions necessary for the proper implementation of the Emissions Trading can be done properly by following some of the preconditions, like The policy implemented must be such so that it should attract the attention of the important decision makers (Choi 2013). This is because of the fact that the decision makers play a very important role in designing the plan and the implementation of the policy. The policy must be instrumental in allowing the companies to utilize the new opportunities, the challenges and also all the available resources in order to make the policy much more systematic, operational and strategic in nature. Coverage Achieving of the environmental objective The policy is so designed that it would be able to control properly the harmful emissions of the carbon dioxide in a very cost effective manner (Yang et al 2016). . emission trading incentives In order to reduce the emission of the harmful gases, the emission trading system uses several methods of reducing the emission on site. One such method is making considerable amount of investment in energy efficiency. It is this approach that can make the business much more sustainable in the recent future. This is also because of the fact that investment in cost saving technologies will lead to a reduction in the overheads as well (Yang et al 2016). C limitations Companies that try to implement this particular policy often can undertake the purchasing of carbon offsets. However, after the purchase of these carbon offsets, the companies do not properly implement the carbon dioxide reduction methods. As a result of which, the companies are just interested in purchasing the carbon offsets rather than reducing the harmful emissions by the application of new technologies (Wang et al 2016). There is also a lack of standard methods of measuring the harmful emissions from the oil sands, which comprises of polluted water and can cause harmful emissions and pollution (Yang et al 2016). It is a regulatory policy as The government has to play a major role in the implementation of the policy. The government must make sure that While designing the emissions trading policy, there must be the selling or the auctioning of the permits by the regulator. This is helpful because while selling or auctioning the regulator can generate the revenues which are usually redistributed or recyclable in nature. This can be used to reduce other taxes. The government also must make sure that the way in which the policy is being designed is suitable enough with the jurisdictions overall climate. There is proper identification of the sources that emit the harmful carbon dioxide gases. There must be proper accumulation of funds in order to endure that the modern and advanced scientific tools can be used for controlling the emissions from the electricity units. The policy implemented must be such so that it should attract the attention of the important decision makers (Choi 2013). The policy must be instrumental in allowing the companies to utilize the new opportunities, the challenges and also all the available resources in order to make the policy much more systematic, operational and strategic in nature. strengths Carbon taxes can be used as a very essential tool of reducing the harmful impacts of the carbon containing fuels. As there is a tax imposed on all the fuels that contains carbon elements, all the firms are naturally inclined towards using more environments friendly production processes. Limitations There can be problems in measuring in how much carbon is being used. Countries may also carry on their business free of cost in other countries carbon taxations. It is a regulatory policy as The government has to play a major role in the implementation of the policy. The role played by Government The Government must make sure that there is fairness present in the imposition of the taxes on the carbon containing fuels. In other words, the Government must make sure that the companies are not able to avoid payment of proper taxes (Yang et al 2016). This taxation system must also benefit the lower income groups in a positive way. Carbon tax must not necessarily turn out to be a bad news for the poor section of the society or the coal mining communities. Rather it must be helpful towards them by providing them sufficient amount of fund for a transition, or for a better and improved life. The Government must set the limit of the carbon tax programs on the different companies in such a way so that there is proper price certainty. This can be done by specifying a certain tax rate for a particular specific year. Apart from this, the taxation on carnon containing fuels must be such so as to allow all the industries in adjusting their emission rates according to their current conditions. In order to lower the emissions, a proper blueprint must be developed for the proper analyzing of the different energy needs or electricity needs in the electricity market of dfferent countries. yes This is because of the fact that there must be proper strategies implemented to look after and guide the proper operation and the evolution of the national electricity market to look after and guide the change towards a low emission future (Orlov et al 2013). References Choi, T.M., 2013. Optimal apparel supplier selection with forecast updates under carbon emission taxation scheme.Computers Operations Research,40(11), pp.2646-2655. Orlov, A., Grethe, H. and McDonald, S., 2013. Carbon taxation in Russia: Prospects for a double dividend and improved energy efficiency.Energy Economics,37, pp.128-140. Wang, Q., Hubacek, K., Feng, K., Wei, Y.M. and Liang, Q.M., 2016. Distributional effects of carbon taxation.Applied Energy,184, pp.1123-1131. Yang, M., Zou, Y., Lo, M. and Chao, Y., 2016. Integrated Supply Chain Inventory Model with Progressive Carbon Taxation. InProceedings of the International MultiConference of Engineers and Computer Scientists(Vol. 2). IMECS.